Surgical instrument having a power control circuit

ABSTRACT

A powered surgical instrument for cutting and fastening tissue comprises an end effector having first and second jaw members that move relatively between open and closed positions. A control circuit comprises a relay, a firing switch having first and second firing switch positions, and a clamp device that can take first and second states. The clamp device takes a second state when the jaw members are in the closed position such that the clamp device activates the relay. Upon activation of the relay, the firing switch is connected to provide power from a power supply to drive a drive system of the instrument when the firing switch is in a second firing switch position.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/896,381 filed on Oct. 1, 2010, which issued on Apr. 15, 2014 as U.S.Pat. No. 8,695,866, which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND

Traditionally, surgical devices have been hand operated, with the forceto fire and/or manipulate the instruments provided directly by theclinician. A growing number of surgical instruments, however, arepowered surgical instruments where the force to fire and/or manipulatethe instrument are provided by an automated device, such as an electricmotor, pneumatic or hydraulic device, etc. Examples of powered surgicalinstruments may include such as cutters, graspers, and/or staplers, forexample. Such powered instruments free instrument designers from theneed to limit the amount of force required to fire to that which canreasonably be provided by a human clinician. Powered instruments mayalso be more easily used by smaller clinicians and/or clinicians withless physical strength.

One significant challenge of powered instruments, however, is lack offeedback to the clinician. When a clinician uses a manually poweredsurgical instrument, the clinician is able to know the state of theinstrument based on the amount of force that the clinician has alreadyprovided to the instrument, the position of the handle trigger or otherdevice for receiving clinician force, etc. In a powered instrument,however, such feedback may be absent. Accordingly, there is a need tocompensate for the lack of feedback from powered surgical instruments.

DRAWINGS

The features of the various embodiments are set forth with particularityin the appended claims. The various embodiments, however, both as toorganization and methods of operation, together with advantages thereof,may best be understood by reference to the following description, takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a surgical stapling and cuttinginstrument with an electrically powered firing feature.

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of an end effector of the instrument of FIG.1.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show additional views of one embodiment of a firing bar ofthe instrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an end effector having afiring bar lacking a middle pin.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away side view of one embodiment of thesurgical instrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded view of one embodiment of the surgicalinstrument showing various components thereof.

FIG. 8 illustrates a shallower cut-away side view of one embodiment ofthe surgical instrument of FIG. 1 to show component features not shownin the cut-away side view of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 illustrates an internal view of one embodiment of the surgicalinstrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment ofthe surgical instrument of FIG. 1 with various components removed forclarity showing the operation of the retraction lever.

FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate one embodiment of a locking cam of thesurgical instrument of FIG. 1 during various states of operation.

FIGS. 13-15 show various embodiments of the locking cam of FIGS. 11 and2 and a intermediate gear during three stages of operation.

FIG. 16 depicts one embodiment of the end effector of the instrument ofFIG. 1 in an open position, as a result of a retracted closure sleeve,with a staple cartridge installed in the elongate channel.

FIG. 17 shows one embodiment of the implement portion of the surgicalstapling and severing instrument of FIG. 1 in disassembled form.

FIG. 18 shows one embodiment of the end effector of the instrument ofFIG. 1 with a portion of the staple cartridge removed.

FIG. 19 depicts the end effector of FIG. 18 with all of the staplecartridge removed.

FIG. 20 depicts one embodiment of the end effector of the instrument ofFIG. 1 closed in a tissue clamping position with the firing bar unfired.

FIG. 21 depicts one embodiment of the upper surface of the staplecartridge shown in FIG. 16 with the firing bar in its unfired, proximalposition.

FIG. 22 depicts one embodiment of the end effector of the instrument ofFIG. 1 near the pivot showing that the elongate channel has opposingramp portions to thereby cooperate with the anvil to prevent tissue fromjamming the end effector.

FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of the end effector of the instrumentof FIG. 1 with tissue present between the staple cartridge and theanvil.

FIGS. 24-26 illustrate one embodiment of the end effector of theinstrument of FIG. 1 at various stages of firing.

FIGS. 27-29 schematically illustrate one embodiment of a battery unitand a portion of the instrument of FIG. 1 showing the attachment anddetachment of the battery unit to the instrument.

FIG. 30 illustrates a graph of the voltage level of one embodiment ofthe battery unit of FIGS. 27, 28 and 29 over time, as measured from thetime of attachment to the instrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 31 shows one embodiment of a simplified circuit diagram of oneembodiment of a battery unit comprising a drain.

FIG. 32 is one embodiment of a simplified circuit diagram of oneembodiment of a battery unit comprising a first drain and a seconddrain.

FIGS. 33-36 are perspective views of one embodiment of a battery unit.

FIGS. 37 and 38 illustrate cross-sectional views of one embodiment ofthe battery unit of FIGS. 33-36 including a translatable drain.

FIGS. 39-42 show multiple views of one embodiment of a battery dock.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the translatabledrain of FIGS. 37 and 38.

FIG. 44 illustrates one embodiment of the battery unit of FIGS. 33-36attached to a battery dock with various components omitted for clarity.

FIGS. 45 and 46 illustrate one embodiment of a battery unit with variouscomponents omitted for clarity.

FIGS. 47 and 48 illustrate one embodiment of a battery unit with variouscomponents omitted for clarity.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of one embodiment of single cell batteryunit.

FIGS. 50 and 51 show internal views of the battery unit of FIG. 49during various stages of operation with various components omitted forclarity.

FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of a control circuit that may controla connection between the battery unit or other power supply and themotor or other drive device for firing the instrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of the control circuit of FIG. 52with additional switches and features.

FIG. 54 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of a process flow showingthe firing of the instrument of FIG. 1 utilizing the control circuit asillustrated in FIG. 53.

FIG. 55 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of circuitboard for implementing the control circuit of FIG. 52 or 53, coupled tothe battery dock of FIG. 36.

FIG. 56 illustrates a cut away view of one embodiment of the instrumentof FIG. 1 showing the emergency access door switch.

FIG. 57 illustrates another cut away view of one embodiment of theinstrument of FIG. 1 showing the clamp switch.

FIG. 58 illustrates another cut away view of one embodiment of theinstrument of FIG. 1 showing the stroke position switch.

FIG. 59 illustrates another cut away view of one embodiment of theinstrument of FIG. 1 showing the end-of-stroke/motor reverse switch.

DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are directed to surgical instruments having controlcircuits for implementing an electronic lock-out. For example, thecontrol circuit may comprise one or more latching devices such as, forexample, a latching relay, a transistor, etc. The surgical devices maycomprise an end effector having first and second jaw members, where atleast one of the jaw members is translatable (e.g., pivotally orotherwise) towards the other. The surgical instruments may also have afiring bar that is translatable through the end effector when the jawmembers are closed (e.g., pivoted towards one another). The jaw membersof the end effector may serve to clamp tissue. Once tissue is clamped,the firing bar may act upon the tissue. In various embodiments, distalmotion of the firing bar may cause cutting and/or fastening of tissue.For example, the firing bar may define a cutting edge or knife to cuttissue clamped between the jaw members. Also, for example, the firingbar may drive a wedge or other mechanism to drive staples through thetissue clamped between the jaw members. According to variousembodiments, the firing bar may be driven by a drive device such as, forexample, an electric motor, a pneumatic or hydraulic device, etc. Thedrive device may be powered by a power supply such as, for example, abattery and/or a connection to an external source of electrical power,such as a wall outlet.

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a surgical stapling and cuttinginstrument 102 with an electrically powered firing feature. Theillustrated embodiment is an endoscopic instrument and, in general, theembodiments of the instrument 102 described herein are endoscopicsurgical cutting and fastening instruments. It should be noted, however,that according to other embodiments, the instrument may be anon-endoscopic surgical cutting and fastening instrument, such as alaparoscopic or open surgical instrument. The instrument 102 maycomprise an end effector 104 that may be operative to staple and cuttissue in response to control operations executed by a cliniciangrasping a handle portion 106. FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the endeffector 104 of the instrument 102. According to various embodiments,the instrument 102 may utilize an E-beam firing mechanism or firing bar108 that may control the spacing of the end effector 104. For example, afirst jaw member, or elongate channel 110 and a pivotally translatablesecond jaw member or anvil 112 may be maintained at a spacing thatassures effective stapling and severing.

The instrument 102 may comprise the handle portion 106 and an implementportion 114. The implement portion 114 may be connected to the handleportion 106 and may comprise a shaft 116 distally terminating in the endeffector 104. The handle portion 106 may comprise a pistol grip 118. Aclosure trigger 120 may be positioned such that a clinician maypivotally draw the closure trigger 120 towards the pistol grip 118 tocause clamping, or closing, of the anvil 112 toward the elongate channel110 of the end effector 104. A firing trigger 122 may be positionedfarther outboard of the closure trigger 120 and may be pivotally drawnby the clinician to cause the stapling and severing of clamped tissue inthe end effector 104. As described below, the stapling and severing ofthe clamped tissue by the end effector 104 may be powered by an electricmotor.

It will be appreciated that the terms “proximal” and “distal” are usedherein with reference to a clinician gripping a handle of an instrument.Thus, the end effector 104 is distal with respect to the more proximalhandle portion 106. It will be further appreciated that for convenienceand clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical” and “horizontal” are usedherein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments areused in many orientations and positions, and these terms are notintended to be limiting and absolute.

In use, the clinician may actuate the closure trigger 120 first. Forexample, once the clinician is satisfied with the positioning of the endeffector 104, the clinician may draw back the closure trigger 120 to itsfully closed, locked position proximate to the pistol grip 118. Then,the clinician may actuate the firing trigger 122 to initiate poweredcutting and stapling of tissue held between the anvil 112 and elongatechannel 110. For example, the firing bar 108 may be powered forward tocut tissue and drive staples, for example, as described herein below.When the clinician removes pressure from the firing trigger 122, thefiring bar 108 may be returned to the pre-firing position shown in FIG.2. The clinician may actuate a release button 124 on the handle portion106 to release the closure trigger 120. The clinician may then releasethe closure trigger, in turn releasing the anvil 112 and elongatechannel 110 to pivot away from one another back to the position shown inFIG. 2.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the shaft 116 may comprise a frame 126enclosed by a closure sleeve 128. A firing drive member 130 may bepositioned within the frame 126 and may extend from the handle portion106 to the firing bar 108. The drive member 130 may comprise a singlecomponent, or may be made up of multiple components. The frame 126 mayconnect the handle portion 106 to the end effector 104. With the closuresleeve 128 withdrawn proximally by the closure trigger 120 as depictedin FIGS. 1 and 2, the anvil 112 may springedly open, pivoting away fromthe elongate channel 110 and translating proximally with the closuresleeve 128.

The elongate channel 110 may receive a staple cartridge 132 that may beresponsive to the firing bar 108 to drive staples into forming contactwith the anvil 112. It will appreciated that although a readilyreplaceable staple cartridge 132 is advantageously described herein, astaple cartridge 132 consistent with various embodiments may bepermanently affixed or integral to the elongate channel 110, forinstance when a larger portion of the end effector 104 is replaced aftereach firing.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show additional views of one embodiment of the firing bar108. As illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, the firing bar 108 may include threevertically spaced pins that control the spacing of the end effector 104during firing. An upper pin 134 may be staged to enter an anvil pocket136 near the pivot between the anvil 112 and elongate channel 110. Whenfired with the anvil 112 closed, the upper pin 134 may advance distallywithin a longitudinal anvil slot 138 extending distally through anvil112. According to various embodiments, minor upward deflections of theanvil 112 may be overcome by a downward force imparted on the anvil 112by the upper pin 134. The firing bar 108 may also include a lower pin,or firing bar cap, 140 that may upwardly engage a channel slot 142 inthe elongate channel 110, thereby cooperating with the upper pin 134 todraw the anvil 112 and the elongate channel 110 together in the event ofexcess tissue clamped therebetween.

The firing bar 108 may also comprise a middle pin 144 that may passthrough a firing drive slot 146 formed in a lower surface of thecartridge 132 and an upward surface of the elongate channel 110. In thisway, the middle pin 144 may initiate the driving of the staples, asdescribed below. The middle pin 144, by sliding against the elongatechannel 110, may resist a tendency for the end effector 104 to bepinched shut at its distal end. To illustrate an advantage of the middlepin 144, FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an end effector148 having a firing bar 150 lacking a middle pin. As shown in FIG. 5,the end effector 148 is allowed to pinch shut at its distal end, whichmay tend to impair desired staple formation.

Returning to FIGS. 2-4, the firing bar 108 may comprise a distallypresented cutting edge 152 between the upper and middle pins 134, 144.When the end effector 104 is fired, the cutting edge 152 may traversethrough a proximally presented, vertical slot 154 in the cartridge 132to sever clamped tissue present between the anvil 112 and the elongatechannel 110. The affirmative positioning of the firing bar 108 withregard to the elongate channel 110 and anvil 112 may make it more likelythat an effective cut is performed.

The affirmative vertical spacing provided by the E-Beam firing bar 108may be suitable for the limited size available for endoscopic devices.Moreover, the E-Beam firing bar 108 may enable fabrication of an anvil112 with a camber imparting a vertical deflection at its distal end,similar to the position depicted in FIG. 5. This cambered anvil 112 mayassist in achieving a desirable gap in the end effector 104 even with ananvil 112 having reduced thickness, which may be thus more suited to thesize limitations of an endoscopic device. The E-Beam firing bar 108 mayfurther enable increased applications, especially in combination with arange of configurations of staple cartridges. For instance, a clinicianmay select a gray staple cartridge yielding a 0.02 mm tissue gap, awhite staple cartridge yielding a 0.04 mm tissue gap, a blue cartridgeyielding a 0.06 mm tissue gap, or a green cartridge yielding a 0.102 mmtissue gap. The vertical height of each respective staple cartridge incombination with the length of staples and an integral wedge sled(described in more detail below) may predetermine this desired tissuethickness with the anvil 112 appropriately vertically spaced by theE-Beam firing bar 108.

FIGS. 6-9 illustrate various internal components of the handle portion106 of one embodiment of the surgical instrument 102. For example, FIG.6 illustrates a cut-away side view of one embodiment of the surgicalinstrument 102. FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded view of one embodiment ofthe surgical instrument 102 showing a portion of the components thereof.FIG. 8 illustrates a cut-away side view of one embodiment of thesurgical instrument of 102 that is shallower than the cut-away of FIG. 6in order to show component features not shown in the cut-away side viewof FIG. 6. FIG. 9 illustrates an internal view of one embodiment of thesurgical instrument 102.

With reference to FIGS. 6-9, the handle portion 106 may be comprised offirst and second base sections 156 and 158, which may be molded from apolymeric material such as a glass-filled polycarbonate. Within thefirst and second base sections 156, 158 may be first and second framesections 160, 162. A rotating knob 164 may have a bore 166 extendingcompletely through it for engaging and rotating the implement portion114 about its longitudinal axis. The rotating knob 164 may includes aninwardly protruding boss 168 extending along at least a portion of thebore 166. The protruding boss 168 is received within a longitudinal slot170 formed at a proximal portion of the closure sleeve 128 such thatrotation of the rotating knob 164 effects rotation of the closure sleeve128. It will be appreciated that the boss 168 may further extend throughframe 126 and into contact with a portion of the firing drive member 130to effect its rotation as well. Thus, the end effector 104 may rotatewith the rotating knob 164.

A proximal end 172 of the frame 126 may pass proximally through therotating knob 164 and may be provided with a circumferential notch 174that is engaged by opposing channel securement members 176 extendingrespectively from the frame sections 160 and 162. The channel securementmembers 176 extending from the frame sections 160, 162 may serve tosecure the frame 126 to the handle portion 106 such that the frame 126does not move longitudinally relative to the handle portion 106.

The closure trigger 120 may have a handle section 178, a lever section180, and an intermediate section 182. A bore 184 may extend through theintermediate section 182. A cylindrical support member 186 may passthrough the bore 184 for pivotably mounting the closure trigger 120 onthe handle portion 106 (e.g., via the frame sections 160, 162). A secondcylindrical support member 188 may pass through a bore 190 of firingtrigger 122 for pivotally mounting the firing trigger 122 on the handleportion 106.

A closure yoke 192 may be housed within the handle portion 106 forreciprocating movement therein and serves to transfer motion from theclosure trigger 120 to the closure sleeve 128. The closure yoke 192 maybe coupled to the handle portion 106 via the respective frame portions160, 162. A proximal end 194 of the closure sleeve 128 is provided witha flange 196 that is snap-fitted into a receiving recess 198 formed inthe yoke 192. A distal end of the yoke 192 may be coupled to a secondaryyoke 200 via a biasing member such as a spring 202. A proximal end ofthe yoke 192 may define a bore 204 for receiving a linkage 206. Aproximal end of the linkage 206 may be coupled to the closure trigger120. For example, the linkage 206 may comprise a bore for receiving thepin 188. In this way, when the clinician moves the handle section 178 ofthe closure trigger 120 proximally toward the pistol grip 118, thelinkage 206 may be pushed distally, causing corresponding distal motionof the secondary yoke 200, compressing the spring 202 biases the yokeproximally and, in turn, pushing the yoke 192 and closure sleeve 128distally. Distal movement of the closure sleeve 128 may cause pivotaltranslation movement of the anvil 112 distally and toward the elongatechannel 110 of the end effector 104 and proximal movement effectsclosing, as described below.

As the closure trigger 120 is pulled towards the pistol grip 118, thelever portion 180 of the trigger 120 may translate distally. When theclosure trigger 120 is fully pulled against the pistol grip 118, a clamplock switch 124 may pivot about a clamp lock pin 208 to lock the closuretrigger 120 into the clamped position. For example, the clamp lockswitch 124 may be biased by a spring (not shown) to pivot about the pin208. The clinician may unlock the closure trigger 120, for example, byactuating the clamp lock switch 124, causing it to pivot about the clamplock pin 208 (clockwise as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8). This may allow theclosure trigger 120 to return to the open position, causing proximalmotion of the closure sleeve and pivoting the anvil 112 proximally andaway from the elongate channel 110 of the end effector 104, as describedbelow.

As the closure trigger 120 is moved toward the pistol grip 118, itsintermediate section 182 may be pulled proximally, causing the firingtrigger 122 to also move proximally to its “firing” position. When inits firing position, the firing trigger 122 may be located at an angleof approximately 45° to the pistol grip 118. To fire the instrument 102,the clinician may first deactivate a firing trigger safety 210. Forexample, the safety 210 may be pivotally coupled to the closure trigger120 about a pin 212. A distal portion of the safety 210 may be receivedinto a cavity 214 of the firing trigger 122, preventing the firingtrigger 122 from being actuated. The clinician may deactivate the safety210 by removing it from the cavity 214 and pivoting the safety 210proximally. This may allow the clinician to actuate the firing trigger122.

The firing trigger 122 may be biased to an “off” position by a biasingmember such as a spring 216 (FIG. 9). When actuated (e.g., against theforce of the spring 216), the firing trigger 122 may be rotatedclockwise, as shown in FIG. 9. A contactor portion 218 of the triggermay activate a trigger switch 220, e.g., via an actuator 221, which mayinitiate firing of the instrument 102. Actuation of the trigger switch220 may activate a motor 222. The motor 222 may be coupled to a gearbox224 comprising an enclosure 226 and gear cluster 228. The gearbox 224may gear down the motor 222. In one example embodiment, the motor 222may rotate at 106,000 RPM, while the gearbox 224 may have a ratio of509-to-1.

An intermediate gear 230 may be coupled to the output of the gearbox224. The intermediate gear 230 may be in mechanical communication with adrive gear 232. The drive gear 232 may be rotatable about a drive shaft234. A biasing member such as a spring 236 may bias the drive gear 232and/or drive shaft 234 such that the drive gear 232 is in mechanicalcommunication with a geared face 240 of a rack 238. The rack 238 may becoupled to the firing drive member 130 which may, ultimately, be inmechanical communication with the firing bar 108. Accordingly, rotationof the motor 222 may cause rotation of the gearbox 224, leading torotation of the intermediate 230 and drive 232 gears. Rotation of thedrive gear 232 may result in distal or proximal motion of the rack 238,drive member 130, and drive bar 108. Distal and proximal motion of thedrive bar 108 may cause the instrument 102 to fire, for example, asdescribed herein below.

When the instrument is fired, the rack 238 may translate distally. A topgeared face 242 of the rack 238 may coupled to a clamp lock 244, causingthe clamp lock 244 to translate distally about a pivot pin 246. In itsdistal position, the clamp lock 244 may contact the clamp switch 124,preventing it from disengaging as described above. In this way, theclinician may be mechanically prevented from releasing the clamp switch124 while the instrument 102 is in a fired position (e.g., the drive bar108 is extended distally).

According to various embodiments, the surgical instrument 102 maycomprise mechanisms allowing a clinician to disable the motor 222 andmanually disengage the firing bar 108. For example, the instrument 102may comprise an emergency access door 248. The access door 248 may becoupled to a switch, as described below, such that when the clinicianopens the access door 248, electric power to the motor 222 may be cut.Below the access door 248, the device 102 may comprise a manualretraction lever 250. The retraction lever 250 may be rotatable about apivot a pin 252. A locking cam 254 may also be pivotable about the pin252. After the clinician has opened and/or removed the access door 248,the clinician may pull up on the retraction lever 250. This may causethe lever 250 to rotate about the pin 252 (clockwise as shown in FIG. 9and counter clockwise as shown in FIG. 6). Initially, the locking cam254 may rotate with the retraction lever 250. As the locking cam 254rotates, a locking arm 256 of the cam 254 may contact a top surface 258the drive gear 232, working against the bias of the spring 236 to pushthe drive gear 232 down and out of contact with the geared face 240 ofthe rack 238. This may disengage the motor 222 from the rack 238, drivemember 130 and drive bar 108. When the locking cam 254 is rotated by apredetermined amount, the locking arm 256 may lock against the drivegear 232, preventing reverse rotation of the locking cam 254.

FIGS. 10-15 illustrate additional details of the operation of thelocking cam 254. FIG. 10 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view ofone embodiment of the surgical instrument 102 with various componentsremoved for clarity showing the operation of the retraction lever 250.In FIG. 10, the rack 238 is shown in cross-section. FIGS. 11 and 12illustrate one embodiment of the locking cam 254 during various statesof operation. The locking cam 254 may comprise a body portion 260. Thelocking arm 256 that may pivot, or otherwise flex, with respect to thebody portion 260 about a hinge portion 262. The hinge portion 262 maycomprise, for example, a living hinge. In one embodiment, the bodyportion 260 and the locking arm 256 may be unitary and formed from asingle piece of material. The locking cam 254 may define a clearance 264that allows the locking arm 256 to pivot toward the body portion 260.The locking arm 256 may have a tooth 266 that is received by a notch 268in the body portion 260. On their respective outer peripheries, the bodyportion 260 may have a first contacting surface 270 and the locking arm256 may have a second contacting surface 272. In the closed position(FIG. 11), the first contacting surface 270 may be generally alignedwith the second contacting surface 272 such that the outer periphery ofthe locking cam 254 has a generally continuous cammed surface. In theopen position (FIG. 12), the locking arm 256 pivots away from the bodyportion 260 to increase the clearance 264. A gap 258 is created betweenthe first contacting surface 270 and the second contacting surface 272.

Referring now to FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, upon rotation of the lever 250 inthe direction indicated by arrow 274, the locking cam 254 is rotated andthe second outer surface 272 of the locking arm 256 first contacts a topsurface 258 of the intermediate gear 230. As a result of this contact,the locking arm 256 may be pivoted toward the body portion 260 to createa generally continuous periphery. As the locking cam 254 continues torotate, the second contacting surface 272 and then the first contactingsurface 270 exerts force on the intermediate gear 230 to overcome thebiasing force applied by the spring 236. As a result, the intermediategear 230 is pushed in the direction indicated by arrow 275 as the lever250 is rotated in the direction indicated by arrow 274. The movement ofthe intermediate gear 230 may decouple it from the geared face 240 ofthe rack 260 allowing the rack 260 to translate freely. Once the lockingarm 256 clears the top surface 258 of the intermediate gear 230, it maypivot to the open position (FIG. 12) to lock the locking cam 254 intoplace. Once in the open position, the locking cam 254 may be impededfrom rotating in the direction indicated by arrow 276 (FIG. 10) due tothe engagement of the locking arm 256 with the intermediate gear 230.

FIGS. 13-15 show various embodiments of the locking cam 254 and aintermediate gear 230 during three stages of operation. Variouscomponents have been removed and/or simplified for clarity. Asillustrated, the locking cam 254 may be manufactured from a single pieceof material. The locking cam 254 comprises a locking arm 256 that ispivotable with respect to a body portion 260. FIG. 13 shows oneembodiment of the locking cam 254 in a non-engaged position. In thisposition, a distal portion 278 of the locking arm 256 is separated fromthe body portion 260. As illustrated in FIG. 14, when the locking cam254 is rotated in the direction indicated by arrow 274, the locking arm256 is drawn toward the body portion 260 to create a generallycontinuous periphery spanning the locking arm 256 and the body portion260. As the locking cam 254 contacts a top face 258 of the intermediategear 230, the gear 230 may move in the direction indicated by arrow 280.As the locking cam 254 continues to rotate in the direction indicated byarrow 274, eventually the locking arm 256 passes over the drive shaft234. As shown in FIG. 15, when the distal portion 278 of the locking arm256 separates from the body portion 260, it engages the teeth of theintermediate gear 230 to lock the locking cam 254 into an engagedposition. Accordingly, in various embodiments, while the locking cam 254may be made from a single piece of material, it may function as twoparts (e.g., a cam and a locking mechanism).

Referring now to FIG. 6, the retraction lever 250 may also comprise aratchet arm 282 rotatable about a ratchet pin 284. As the retractionlever 250 is pulled up, a tooth portion 286 of the ratchet arm 282 maycome into contact with the top geared face 242 of the rack 238. Furtherrotation of the ratchet lever 250 may cause the tooth 286 to exert aproximally directed force on the rack 238, causing the drive member 130and drive bar 108 to translate proximally. Further lifting of theretraction lever 250 may disengage the tooth portion 286 from the topgeared face 242, allowing the clinician to replace the retraction lever250 towards its original position without causing corresponding distalmotion of the rack 238. Additional proximal motion of the rack 126,drive member 130 and drive bar 108 may be achieved by additional liftingof the retraction lever 250, repeating the process described above.

FIG. 17 shows one embodiment of the implement portion 114 of thesurgical stapling and severing instrument 102 in disassembled form. Thestaple cartridge 132 is shown as being comprised of a cartridge body304, a wedge sled 306, single and double drivers 308, staples 310, and acartridge tray 312. When assembled, the cartridge tray 312 holds thewedge sled 306, single and double drivers 308, and staples 310 insidethe cartridge body 304.

The elongate channel 110 may have a proximally placed attachment cavity314 that receives a channel anchoring member 316 on the distal end ofthe frame 126 for attaching the end effector 104 to the handle portion106. The elongate channel 110 may also have an anvil cam slot 316 thatpivotally receives an anvil pivot 318 of the anvil 112. The closuresleeve 128 that encompasses the frame 126 may include a distallypresented tab 320 that engages an anvil feature 324 proximate but distalto the anvil pivot 318 on the anvil 112 to thereby effect opening andclosing of the anvil 112. The firing drive member 130 is shown as beingassembled from the firing bar 108 attached to a firing connector 326 bypins 328, which in turn is rotatingly and proximally attached to themetal drive rod 330. The firing bar 108 is guided at a distal end of theframe by a slotted guide 332 inserted therein.

With particular reference to FIG. 18, a portion of the staple cartridge132 is removed to expose portions of the elongate channel 110, such asrecesses 300, 302 and to expose some components of the staple cartridge132 in their unfired position. In particular, the cartridge body 304(shown in FIG. 17) has been removed. The wedge sled 306 is shown at itsproximal, unfired position with a pusher block 334 contacting the middlepin 144 (not shown in FIG. 18) of the firing bar 108. The wedge sled 306is in longitudinal sliding contact upon the cartridge tray 312 andincludes wedges 308 that force upward the single and double drivers 308as the wedge sled 306 moves distally. Staples 310 (not shown in FIG. 18)resting upon the drivers 308 are thus also forced upward into contactwith the anvil forming pockets 290 on the anvil 112 to form closedstaples. Also depicted is the channel slot 142 in the elongate channel110 that is aligned with the vertical slot 154 in the staple cartridge132.

FIG. 19 depicts the end effector 104 of FIG. 18 with all of the staplecartridge 132 removed to show the middle pin 144 of the firing bar 108as well as portion of the elongate channel 110 removed adjacent to thechannel slot 142 to expose the firing bar cap 140. In addition, portionsof the shaft 116 are removed to expose a proximal portion of the firingbar 108. Projecting downward from the anvil 112 near the pivot, a pairof opposing tissue stops 346 may prevent tissue being positioned too farup into the end effector 104 during clamping.

FIG. 20 depicts one embodiment of the end effector 104 closed in atissue clamping position with the firing bar 108 unfired. The upper pin134 is shown in the anvil pocket 136, vertically aligned with the anvilslot 138 for distal longitudinal movement of the firing bar 108 duringfiring. The middle pin 144 may be positioned to push the wedge sled 306distally so that wedge 308 sequentially contacts and lifts doubledrivers 308 and the respective staples 310 into forming contact withstaple forming pockets 290 in the lower surface 288 of the anvil 112.According to various embodiments, the end effector 104 may implement amechanical lock-out mechanism. The mechanical lock-out mechanism mayprevent the instrument 102 from being fired twice without reloading anew staple cartridge 132. For example, it will be appreciated thatfiring the instrument 102 without a loaded staple cartridge present maycause tissue to be cut, but not fastened. The lock-out may beimplemented in any suitable manner. For example, the firing bar 108,upon retraction in the proximal direction, may be shifted by theelongate channel 110, or other component, such that the upper pin 134 isno longer in alignment with the anvil slot 138, preventing the firingbar 108 from moving distally (e.g., re-firing). Installation of a newstaple cartridge 132 to the elongate channel 110 may snap the firing bar108 back, aligning the upper pin 134 with the anvil slot 138 andallowing re-firing. It will be appreciated that any suitable mechanismin the end effector or the handle 106 may be utilized to implement amechanical lock-out.

FIG. 21 depicts one embodiment of the upper surface 294 of the staplecartridge 132 with the firing bar 108 in its unfired, proximal position.The stapler apertures 292 are arrayed on each side of the vertical slot154 in the staple cartridge 132. FIG. 22 depicts one embodiment of theend effector 104 near the pivot showing that the elongate channel 110has opposing ramp portions 348 to thereby cooperate with the tissuestops 346 of the anvil 112 to prevent tissue from jamming the endeffector 104. Also depicted in greater detail are the double drivers 308and their relation to the staples 310.

FIGS. 24-26 illustrate one embodiment of the end effector 104 at variousstages of firing. In use, the surgical stapling and severing instrument102 may be used to cut and staple tissue. In FIGS. 1-2, the instrument102 is shown in its start position, having had an unfired, fully loadedstaple cartridge 132 snap-fitted into the distal end of the elongatechannel 110. Both triggers 120, 122 are forward and the end effector 104is open, such as would be typical after inserting the end effector 104through a trocar or other opening into a body cavity. The instrument 102may then be manipulated by the clinician such that tissue 340 to bestapled and severed is positioned between the staple cartridge 132 andthe anvil 112. FIG. 23 illustrates the end effector 104, according toone embodiment, with tissue 340 present between the staple cartridge 132and the anvil 112.

Next, the clinician moves the closure trigger 120 proximally untilpositioned directly adjacent to the pistol grip 118, locking the handleportion 106 into the closed and clamped position. The retracted firingbar 108, shown in FIG. 24 in the end effector 104 may not impede theselective opening and closing of the end effector 104, but rather mayreside within the anvil pocket 136. With the anvil 112 closed andclamped, the firing bar 108 may be aligned for firing through the endeffector 104. In particular, the upper pin 134 may be aligned with theanvil slot 138 and the elongate channel 110 may be affirmatively engagedabout the channel slot 142 by the middle pin 144 and the firing bar cap140.

After tissue clamping has occurred, the clinician may move the firingtrigger 122 proximally causing the firing bar 108 to move distally intothe end effector 104, shown in FIG. 25. In particular, the middle pin144 enters the staple cartridge 132 through the firing drive slot 146 tocause the firing of the staples 310 via wedge sled 306 toward the anvil112. The lower most pin, or firing bar cap 140, cooperates with themiddle pin 144 to slidingly position cutting edge 152 of the firing bar108 to sever tissue. The two pins 140, 144 also position the upper pin134 of the firing bar 108 within longitudinal anvil slot 138 of theanvil 112, affirmatively maintaining the spacing between the anvil 112and the elongate channel 110 throughout its distal firing movement.

The clinician may continue moving the firing trigger 122 until broughtproximal to the closure trigger 120 and pistol grip 118. Thereby, all ofthe ends of the staples 310 may be bent over as a result of theirengagement with the anvil 112, as shown in FIG. 26. The firing bar cap140 may be arrested against a firing bar stop 342 projecting toward thedistal end of the channel slot 142. The cutting edge 152 may havetraversed completely through the tissue. The process is complete byreleasing the firing trigger 122. Releasing the firing trigger 122 may,as described herein below, cause the motor 222 to reverse its rotation,causing retraction of the firing bar 108. Upon retraction of the firingbar 108, the clinician may depress the clamp switch 124. (e.g., whilesimultaneously squeezing the closure trigger 120) This may open the endeffector 104.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the handle 106 of the instrument 102 may houseat least one battery unit 506. The battery unit 506 may comprise asingle battery or a plurality of batteries arranged in a series and/orparallel configuration. The handle 502 may comprise a battery dock 508to which the battery unit 506 may be attached. The battery dock 508 maybe any suitable structure for coupling the battery unit 506 to theinstrument 102. For example, the battery dock 508 may be or comprise acavity in the handle 106 configured to receive at least a portion of thebattery unit 506, as illustrated. In other embodiments, the battery dock508 may be implemented using a variety of other structures. In oneembodiment, the battery dock 508 may comprise a post that is received bythe battery unit 506. In one embodiment, the pistol grip 120 maycomprise the battery dock 508. In any event, as discussed in more detailbelow, the battery dock 508 may comprise a protruding portion tointeract with the battery unit 506 upon attachment of the battery unit506 to the handle 502. Once attached, the battery unit 506 may beelectrically connected to and may provide power to the motor 222 of theinstrument 102.

FIGS. 27-29 schematically illustrate one embodiment of the battery unit506 and a portion of the instrument 102 showing the attachment anddetachment of the battery unit 506 to the instrument 102. The batteryunit 506 may comprise a drain 512 that automatically completes a circuitwithin the battery unit 506 upon attachment to the instrument 102. Thedrain may serve to slowly reduce the charge of the battery unit 506 overtime. Once the battery unit 506 has been sufficiently drained it may bedisposed as non-hazardous waste, for example. The battery unit 506 maycomprise a voltage source 510. In one embodiment, the voltage source 510is a lithium battery and comprises at least one cell selected from thegroup consisting of a CR123 cell and a CR2 cell. As is to beappreciated, any suitable voltage source may be used. The battery unit506 may also comprise a drain 512 that may be electrically coupled tothe voltage source 510 when a switch 516 is closed. The battery unit 506and the instrument 102 each comprise electrically conductive contacts518, 520, respectively, that are placed into contact upon attachment ofthe battery unit 506 to the instrument 102. FIG. 27 illustrates thebattery in a non-attached position. The switch 516 is in an openposition and the voltage source 510 may be in a fully charged condition.FIG. 28 illustrates that battery unit 506 in an attached position. Theconductive contacts 518 of the battery unit 506 are in electricalcommunication with the contacts 520 of the instrument thereby allowingthe battery unit 506 to supply energy to the circuit 514 (FIG. 46). Inthe attached position, the switch 516 may transition to the closedposition to electrically couple the voltage source 510 to the drain 512.Energy will flow from the voltage source 510 through the drain 512during operation of the instrument. In other words, the drain 512 willbe draining the charge from the voltage source 510 concurrently as thebattery unit 506 is supplying operational power to the instrument 102.As discussed in more detail below, a portion of the instrument 102 mayphysically interact with the drain 512 during attachment of the batteryunit 506 to the instrument 102 to transition the switch 516 from theopen to the closed state. FIG. 29 illustrates the battery unit 506 in anon-attached position. In one embodiment, the switch 516 remains in theclosed position to continue to drain the voltage source 510 even afterthe battery unit 506 has been detached from the instrument 102.

FIG. 30 illustrates a graph 600 of the voltage level of one embodimentof the battery unit 506 over time, as measured from the time ofattachment to the instrument 102. The graph 600 includes three exampledischarge curves 602, 604, 606. As illustrated by the first dischargecurve 602, the voltage of the power source 510 may drop below 2.0 voltsafter around 28 hours. As illustrated by the second discharge curve 604,the voltage of the power source 510 may drop below 2.0 volts afteraround 30 hours. As illustrated by the third discharge curve 606, thevoltage of the power source 510 may drop below 2.0 volts after around 33hours. The overall shape of the discharge curve may depend upon, forexample, the level of activity of the instrument 102 during the surgicalprocedure. For example, the instrument associated with the firstdischarge curve 602 was more heavily used during the surgical procedurethan the instrument associated with discharge curve 606. In any event,the drain 512 may maintain the voltage level of the battery unit 506 ata satisfactory level for a certain time period to ensure that theinstrument can be used for its intended purpose during the course of thesurgical procedure. For example, in one embodiment, the voltage level ofthe battery unit 506 may be maintained around 6 volts for approximately12 hours. After 12 hours, the voltage level gradually decreases to anon-hazardous level. As is to be appreciated, the drain 512 may becalibrated to deplete the voltage source faster or slower.

In one embodiment, a resistive element may be used to reduce the energylevel of the voltage source. FIG. 31 shows a simplified circuit diagramof one embodiment of a battery unit 616 comprising a drain 612. Thebattery unit 616 may be attached to an instrument 102, for example, viaits contacts 618. In this embodiment, the battery unit 616 may comprisea first grouping of cells 610 and a second grouping of cells 611. In oneembodiment, the first and second grouping of cells 610, 611 may belithium batteries. The first and second grouping of cells 610, 611 mayeach have a plurality of separate cells 610 a, 610 b, 611 a, 611 barranged in a parallel formation. For example, the first and secondgrouping of cells 610, 611 may each be 6 VDC and arranged in a seriesconfiguration to produce 12 VDC at the contacts 618 of the battery unit616 when fully charged. The cells 610 a, 610 b, 611 a, 611 b, however,may be electrically connected to one another in series or parallel orany other combination thereof. The number of cells 610 a, 610 b, 611 a,611 b may be chosen to reduce the fire hazard resulting from the batteryunit 616. For example, the number of connected cells may be selectedsuch that the cumulative energy available to an arc or short is lessthan the energy required to ignite common shipping and/or packingmaterials. According to various embodiments, this value may be definedby appropriate government regulations.

In one embodiment, the drain 612 may comprise a first resistive element622 and a second resistive element 624. As is to be appreciated, in someembodiments, the battery unit 616 may comprise, for example, multipledrains 612 each having more or less than two resistive elements or othercircuitry. In the illustrated embodiment, the first resistive element622 is coupled across a first anode 626 and a first cathode 628 of thefirst grouping of cells 610 through a first switch 630. The firstresistive element 624 may be coupled across a second anode 632 and asecond cathode 634 of the second grouping of cells 611 through a secondswitch 636. The first and second switches 630, 636 may be closed uponattachment of the battery unit 616 to the surgical instrument 102 inorder to initiate the draining of the first and second grouping of cells610, 611.

The value of the resistive elements utilized by the drain 612 may varybased on implementation. In one embodiment, the first resistive element622 has a resistance in the range of about 90 ohms to about 110 ohms. Inone embodiment, the first resistive element 622 has a resistance in therange of about 97 ohms to about 104 ohms. In one embodiment, theresistive element 622 is 102.9 ohms and has a power rating of 1 watt.The determination of the necessary resistance is based at leastpartially on the capacity of the voltage source, the voltage level ofthe voltage source, and the desired temporal length of the drainagecurve. For example, in one embodiment the battery capacity of the firstgrouping of cells 610 is 1400 mAh, the voltage level is 6 VDC, and thetarget drain time is 24 hours. Diving 1400 mAh by 24 hours yields acurrent of 0.0582 A. Using Ohm's law, 6 V divided by 0.582 A yields aresistance of 102.9 ohms. With a current of 0.583 and a resistance of102.9 ohms, the power dissipated by the resistor is 350 W. As is to beappreciated, different voltage levels, battery capacities, and desiredtime of discharge will result in different resistance values.

FIG. 32 is a simplified circuit diagram of one embodiment of a batteryunit 716 comprising a first drain 712 and a second drain 713. Thebattery unit 716 may be attached to an instrument 102, for example, viaits contacts 718. In this embodiment, the battery unit 716 comprises afirst grouping of cells 710, a second grouping of cells 711, and a thirdcell 714. The first drain 712 comprises a first resistive element 722and a second resistive element 724. The second drain 713 comprises athird resistive element 726. The resistive elements 722, 724, 726 arecoupled to respective cells through switches 730, 736, and 738. Theswitches 730, 736, and 738 may be closed upon attachment of the batteryunit 716 to the surgical instrument 102 in order to initiate thedraining of the first and second grouping of cells 610, 611 and thethird cell 716. The resistance of the third resistive element 726 may besimilar or different from the resistances of the first and secondresistive element 722, 724. As described above, the resistance of thethird resistive element 726 may at least partially depend on the voltageof the third cell 714 and the desired characteristics of the drainagecurve.

FIGS. 33-36 are perspective views of one embodiment of a battery unit506 implementing the schematic of the battery unit 616 shown in FIG. 31.The battery unit 506 may comprise a casing 802 defining an interiorcavity 810. While the interior cavity 810 is illustrated in a centralportion of the casing 802, it is to be appreciated that the internalcavity 810 may be positioned in any suitable location. The casing 802may be covered by a cap 804 that may be secured to the casing 802utilizing one or more mechanical latches 806, 808. FIG. 34 illustratesone embodiment of the battery unit 506 with the cap 804 removed to showa plurality of cells 812 within. Any suitable number and/or type ofcells 812 may be used. For example, CR123 and/or CR2 cells may be used.FIG. 35 illustrates one embodiment of the battery unit 506 with aportion of the casing 802 removed to reveal the cells 812. FIG. 36illustrates one embodiment of the battery unit, with a portion of thecasing 802 missing as in FIG. 35. FIG. 36 shows the battery pack 506from a side 890 positioned to face distally when the battery pack 506 isinstalled on the surgical device 102. The interior cavity 810 is visibleas well as a pair of contacts 886, 888 in electrical communication withthe various cells 812.

FIGS. 37 and 38 illustrate cross-sectional views of one embodiment ofthe battery unit 506 including a translatable drain 812. The drain 812may be positioned within the interior cavity 810 and may be translatablewithin the interior cavity 810 in the directions of arrow 815. FIG. 37shows the drain 812 in an open position and FIG. 38 shows the drain 812in a closed position. The drain 812 may comprise at least two contacts816, 818. When the drain 812 is in the open position, a portion of thecontacts 816, 818 may touch a non-conductive portion of the casing 802,such as fingers 820, 822. According to various embodiments, the contacts816, 818 may be biased to exert a force against the fingers 820, 822 inorder to resist movement of the drain 812 in the direction of the arrows815. Also, in some embodiments, the fingers 820, 822 may define one ormore protrusions or stepped down portions, as shown in FIGS. 37 and 38.The battery unit 506 may also comprise one or more electrodes, such asfirst electrode 824 and second electrode 826. The first and secondelectrodes 824 and 826 may each be electrically coupled to a cathode oran anode of cells contained within the battery unit 506. In the closedposition (FIG. 38), the contacts 816, 818 are in electrical connectionwith the electrodes 824, 826, thereby allowing the voltage source todischarge through the drain 812. As discussed in more detail below, thedrain 812 may be translated from the open position to the closedposition upon attachment of the battery unit 506 to a surgicalinstrument.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the drain 812 inaccordance with one non-limiting embodiment. The contacts 816, 818 ofthe drain 812 may be coupled to a base portion 830 of the drain 812.Similarly contacts 836, 838 of the drain 812 may be coupled to the baseportion 830 of the drain 812. According to various embodiments, thecontacts 816, 818 may be electrically connected to one another via aresistive element (not shown) mounted to a circuit board 832. Similarly,the contacts 836, 838 may be electrically connected to one another via aresistive element mounted to the circuit board 832. As illustrated, thecontacts 816, 818, 836, 838 may have a bend or curvature to bias thecontacts towards an outward position when they are inwardly compressed.Additionally, in one embodiment, the distal end of each of the contacts816, 818, 836, 838 may have an inwardly turned section. The base portion830 may comprise a contacting surface 840 that engages the instrumentwhen the battery unit 506 is attached to the instrument. Through thisengagement, the drain 812 may be translated relative to the casing 802.

FIGS. 39-42 illustrate multiple views of a one embodiment of a batterydock 850. The battery dock 850 may be positioned within the handle 106of the instrument 102 and may receive the battery unit 506. For example,the battery dock 850 may comprise a protruding member or bulkhead 858.The battery dock 850 may be positioned within the base sections 156, 158and, in some embodiments, may be coupled to the frame sections 160, 162such that the protruding member 858 extends proximally. The battery unit506 may be installed into the device 102 by pushing it distally againstthe battery dock 850. The protruding member 858 of the battery dock 850may extend into the exterior cavity 810 of the battery unit 506.Contacts 882, 884 of the battery dock 850 may also extend into theinterior cavity 810 of the battery unit 506. Within the cavity, thecontacts 882, 884 of the battery dock 850 may be in electricalcommunication with the contact 886, 888 of the battery unit 506 (FIG.36). When the contacts 886, 888 of the battery unit 506 come intocontact with the contacts 882, 884 of the battery dock 850, the batteryunit 506 may be in electrical communication with the instrument 102.

FIG. 44 illustrates one embodiment of the battery unit 506 attached tothe battery dock 850. For clarity, various components have been removed.Referring now to FIGS. 37, 38, 43 and 44 as well as to FIGS. 39-42, thebattery dock 850 is shown with its protruding member 858 sized to bereceived by the cavity 810 (FIG. 33) of the battery unit 506. Prior toattachment, the drain 812 may be in the open position (FIG. 37). Duringattachment of the battery unit 506 to the battery dock 850, theprotruding member 858 is inserted into the cavity 810 and the batteryunit 506 is moved relative to the battery dock 850 in the directionindicated by arrow 862. Eventually the distal end 860 of the protrudingmember 858 contacts the contacting surface 840 of the drain 812. As theuser continues to attach the battery unit 506, the drain 812 istranslated relative to the casing 802 in the direction indicated byarrow 864 and moves into the closed position (FIG. 38). In thisposition, the battery unit 506 commences to slowly drain. When thebattery unit 506 is removed from the battery dock 850, the drain 812 mayremain in the position shown in FIG. 38. In this way, the cells (notshown) of the battery unit 506 may drain any remaining charge across aresistive element either before or during disposal.

As is to be appreciated, the translatable discharge drain of the batteryunit is not limited to the implementation illustrated in FIG. 44. FIGS.45 and 46, for example, illustrate one embodiment of a battery unit 900and drain 912 with various components removed for clarity. The drain 912that is translatable between an open position (FIG. 45) and a closedposition (FIG. 46). In the open position, contacts 916, 918 are engagedwith non-conductive portions of a casing 920, 922, respectively. Thedrain 912 may ride in a track 914 when translating between the openposition and the closed position. FIG. 46 shows the battery unit 900 ina closed position after a ram 958 has translated the drain 912 in thedirection indicated by arrow 964. The ram 958 may be a component of abattery dock of a surgical instrument, for example. In one embodiment,the battery dock comprises a cavity that is dimensioned to receive thebattery unit 900, and the ram 958 is positioned within the cavity. Inthe closed position, the contacts 916, 918 are in electrical contactwith electrodes 924, 926. The drain 912 may comprise a printed circuitboard 932 to which at least one resistive element is mounted using asurface mount or a through-hole connection, for example.

FIGS. 47 and 48 illustrate a battery unit 1000 in accordance withanother non-limiting embodiment. Various components have been omittedfor clarity. The battery unit 1000 may comprise a drain 1012 that may betranslatable between an open position (FIG. 47) and a closed position(FIG. 48). The battery unit 1000 may also comprise a first electrode1024 with a contact 1025 and a second electrode 1026 with a contact1027. The electrodes 1024, 1026 may be in contact with cells (not shown)of the battery unit 1000. In the open position, contacts 1016, 1018 ofthe drain 1012 are not engaged with contacts 1025, 1027 of theelectrodes 1024, 1026. The drain 1012 may ride in a track 1014 whentranslating between the open position and the closed position. FIG. 48shows the battery unit 1000 in a closed position after a ram 1058 hastranslated the drain 1012 in the direction indicated by arrow 1064. Theram 1058 may be a component of a battery dock of a surgical instrument,for example. In the closed position, the contacts 1016, 1018 of thedrain 1012 are in electrical contact with the contacts 1025, 1027 of theelectrodes 1024, 1026. The drain 1012 may comprise a printed circuitboard 1032 that includes at least one resistive element. In someembodiments, the contacts 1016, 1018 themselves may comprise theresistive elements. In fact, the resistive elements may be elements ofany suitable resistance value and any suitable mechanical configuration.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a battery unit 1100.FIGS. 50 and 51 show internal views of the battery unit 1100 duringvarious stages of operation with various components removed for clarity.The battery unit 1100 has one cell 1102 and an outer casing 1104 thatdefines a cavity 1110. The outer casing 1104 may be non-conductive andhave conductive contacts for supplying energy to circuitry of a surgicalinstrument when the battery unit 1100 is attached to a surgicalinstrument. In one embodiment, the battery unit 1100 is received by acavity in a pistol grip portion of a surgical instrument. The batteryunit 1100 comprises a drain 1112 that is translatable between an openposition (FIG. 50) and a closed position (FIG. 51). In one embodimentthe drain 1112 has first and second contacts 1116, 1118 that are coupledto a circuit board 1132. The circuit board 1132 may include, forexample, at least one resistive element. In some embodiments, thecircuit board 1132 includes additional circuitry. The battery unit 1100comprises a first electrode 1124 coupled to an anode of the cell 1102and a second electrode coupled to a cathode of the cell 1102. Before thebattery unit 1100 is attached to an instrument, the drain 1112 is in theopen position (FIG. 50). In the illustrated embodiment, the firstcontact 1116 is electrically coupled to the first electrode 1124 and thesecond contact 1118 is resting on, or otherwise contacting, anon-conductive finger 1120. As the battery unit 1100 is attached to aninstrument, a protruding portion 1158 of the instrument may be receivedby the cavity 1110 and contact the drain 1112 to drive the drain 1112 inthe direction indicated by the arrow 1164. In the closed position (FIG.51) the first contact 1116 is electrically coupled to the firstelectrode 1124 and the second contact 1118 is electrically coupled tothe second electrode 1126. In this position, a closed circuit is createdthat allows the cell 1102 to discharge energy through the drain 1112.Additional embodiments of battery units are disclosed in commonly ownedU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/884,995 entitled, “POWER CONTROLARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND BATTERIES,” filed on Sep. 17,2010 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Still otherembodiments of battery units are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/884,838, entitled “SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ANDBATTERIES FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS,” filed on Sep. 17, 2010 and alsoincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

According to various embodiments, electrical connection of the batteryunit 506 or other power supply to the motor 222 may initiate a firing ofthe instrument 102. FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of a controlcircuit 1200 that may control a connection between the battery unit 506or other power supply and the motor 222 or other drive device for firingthe instrument 102. According to various embodiments, the controlcircuit 1200 may be implemented with components on a PC board 1202 shownin FIG. 7. The control circuit 1200 may comprise various switches andother components for controlling the connection between the battery unit506 and the motor 222. The battery unit 506 is shown with a positiveelectrode 1212 and a negative electrode 1210. Similarly, the motor 222is shown with a positive terminal 1216 and a negative terminal 1214. Itwill be appreciated that the polarity of the circuit 1200 could bereversed, for example, based on other design considerations.

The control circuit 1200 may comprise a firing switch 220 (also shown inFIG. 9), which may be in mechanical communication with the firingtrigger 120 (e.g., via a actuator 221). The control circuit 1200 mayalso comprise an end-of-stroke/reverse motor switch 1204 and a clampswitch 1206. The end-of-stroke/reverse motor switch 1204 may be actuatedwhen the firing bar 108 reaches the end of its stroke (e.g., at or nearits distal-most position). Also, according to various embodiments, theend-of-stroke/reverse motor switch 1204 may be actuated manually by theclinician prior to the end of the stroke of the firing bar 108 to abortand/or reverse the firing of the instrument 102. A clamp switch 1206 maybe actuated when the end effector 104 is closed (e.g., the anvil 112 andelongate channel 110 are brought into contact with one another) and alsowhen the end effector 104 is opened. A clamping relay 1208 may also be acomponent of the circuit 1200. According to various embodiments, therelay 1208 may be a non-solid state relay (e.g., a mechanical relay, anelectromagnetic relay, etc.). This may allow the instrument 102 to besubjected to gamma sterilization as well as other sterilizationtechniques that have the potential to damage solid state components. Itwill be appreciated, however, that the clamping relay 1208 may, invarious embodiments, be replaced with any sort of switching deviceincluding, for example, a field effect transistor (FET), bipolarjunction transistor (BJT), etc. Also, in some embodiments, the relay1208 may be replaced with a microprocessor.

When the instrument is ready for use (e.g., a staple cartridge 132 isloaded to the elongate channel 110), the control circuit 1200 may beconfigured as shown in FIG. 52. The end-of-stroke/reverse motor switch1204 may be connected between 1 and 3, creating an electrical connectionbetween the positive electrode 1212 of the battery and the positiveterminal 1216 of the motor 222. The relay 1208 may be in a closed state.For example, an electrical connection may be made between pins 4 and 5of the relay 1208. The firing switch 220 may be connected between points1 and 3, creating an electrical connection between the positiveelectrode 1212 of the battery 506 and the negative terminal 1214 of themotor 222. Because both terminals 1214, 1216 of the motor 222 areconnected to a single electrode 1212 of the battery 506, the motor 222may not operate.

The clinician may initiate a firing operation by actuating the firingtrigger 122, which, via the actuator 221, may cause the firing switch220 to transition to a second state where the points 1 and 3 areconnected. This may create an electrical connection between the negativeterminal 1214 of the motor 222 and the negative electrode 1210 of thebattery 506 (e.g., via pints 1 and 2 of the firing switch 220 and pins 4and 5 of the relay 1208. This may cause the motor 222 to rotate in aforward direction. For example, the motor may rotate the gearbox 224,intermediate gear 230, drive gear 232 and rack 238 to ultimately pushthe firing bar 108 distally.

When the firing bar 108 reaches the end of its stroke, the end-of-strokeswitch 1204 may transition from the position shown in FIG. 52 to aposition where the points 1 and 2 of the switch 1204 are connected. Thismay connect pin 3 of the relay 1208 to the negative electrode 1210 ofthe battery 506 (e.g., via the pin 4-5 connection of the relay 1208). Inturn, this may energize the relay 1208 causing removal of the electricalconnection between pins 4 and 5 and generation of an electricalconnection between pins 5 and 6. When the clinician releases the firingtrigger 122, the firing switch may revert to the state shown in FIG. 52.This may cause the motor 222 to be connected to the battery 506 with areverse polarity. For example, the positive terminal 1216 of the motor222 may be connected to the negative electrode 1210 of the battery 506via the switch 1204 and the relay 1208 (e.g., via pins 5 and 6). Thenegative terminal 1214 of the motor 222 may be connected to the positiveelectrode 1212 of the battery 506 via the firing switch 220. As aresult, the motor 222 may rotate in reverse, pulling the firing bar 108proximally, via the gearbox 224, intermediate gear 230, drive gear 232and rack 238.

At the conclusion of the firing operation, the relay 1208 may be in astate where there is no electrical connection between pins 4 and 5. Inthis state, the instrument 102 may not be re-fired (e.g., the motor 222may not be connected to the batter 506 with the correct polarity tocause forward rotation). According to various embodiments, a clampswitch 1206 may be positioned to energize the relay 1208 (e.g., pullingpin 1 low) in order to transition the relay 1208 back to the initialstate having an electrical connection between pins 4 and 5. This mayallow the instrument 102 to fire again. The clamp switch 1206 may be inmechanical communication with a portion of the drive train actuated bythe closure trigger 120 to close the anvil 114 against the elongatechannel 110. For example, the clamp switch 1206 may be in mechanicalcommunication with the clamp lock 244 described herein above. When theanvil 114 is closed against the elongate channel 110 (e.g., when theclamp lock 244 is engaged), the switch 1206 may be in the position shownin FIG. 52, resulting in an electrical connection between points 1 and 3of the switch 1206. When the clamp lock 244 is disengaged, the clampswitch 1206 may be configured to create an electrical connection betweenpoints 1 and 2, energizing the relay 1208 as described. Accordingly,after the instrument 102 is fired, the circuit 1200 may be configured toprevent the motor 222 from operating in the forward direction until theend effector 104 is re-opened. This may prevent the clinician fromaccidentally re-firing the instrument 102 before the end effector 104 isopened to install a new staple cartridge 132. According to variousembodiments, the instrument 102 may comprise a mechanical lock-outdevice in addition to the relay lock-out implemented by the circuit1200. The circuit 1200, as described herein, however, may prevent theclinician from driving the instrument 102 into the mechanical lock-out.This may save wear and tear on the instrument 102 and may also preventclinician confusion that may occur when the device is in a mechanicallock-out state.

FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of the control circuit 1200 withadditional switches and features. For example, the circuit 1200, asshown in FIG. 53, may additionally comprise an emergency access orbailout door switch 1218. The emergency access door switch 1218 may bein mechanical communication with the emergency access door 248. Forexample, when the emergency access door 248 is in place, the switch 1204may be closed, as shown in FIG. 53. When the emergency access door 248is removed, the switch 1204 may be opened, creating an open circuitrelative to the negative terminal of the battery 506. A stroke positionswitch 1220 may be connected to switch a resistive element 1222 into andout of the circuit 1200 based on the position of the firing bar 108. Theresistive element may be a single resistor and/or a resistor networkconnected in series, parallel (as shown) or any other suitableconfiguration. When the resistive element 1222 is switched into thecircuit 1200, the current provided to the motor 222 may be reduced. Thismay reduce the speed and torque provided by the motor 222. Additionally,the control circuit 1200, as illustrated in FIG. 53 may comprise a PTCor other thermal fuse element 1224 to break a connection between themotor 222 and the battery 506 in the event that too much heat isgenerated (e.g., by the resistive element 1222).

FIG. 54 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of a process flow 1301showing the firing of the instrument 102 utilizing the control circuit1200 as illustrated in FIG. 53. At 1300, the instrument 102 may be readyto fire. For example, the switches 1218, 1206, 1220, 220, 1204 and relay1208 may be configured as illustrated in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Switch Pin/Point Connection Emergency Access Door (1218) 1-2Clamp (1206) 1-2 Stroke Position (1220) 1-2 Fire (220) 1-3End-of-stroke/Motor Direction (1204) 1-3 Relay (1208) 4-5At 1302, the clinician may actuate the firing trigger 122. This maycause the fire switch 220 to close, creating a connection between points1 and 2 of the switch 220. Accordingly, the positive terminal of themotor 222 may be connected to the positive electrode 1212 of the battery506 via the end-of-stroke/motor direction switch 1204. The negativeterminal 1214 of the motor 222 may be connected to the negativeelectrode 1210 of the battery 506 via the thermal fuse element 1224, theresistive element 1222, and the connection between pins 4 and 5 of therelay. This may cause rotation of the motor 222 resulting in distalmovement of the firing bar 108 (e.g., via the gearbox 224, intermediategear 230, drive gear 232 and rack 238). Because the resistive element1222 is electrically connected between the motor 222 and the battery506, the current provided to the motor 222 may be reduced. This may, inturn, reduce the speed and/or torque provided by the motor 222 while theresistive element 1222 is active.

At 1304, the firing bar 108 may pass a predetermined position in itsfiring stroke. This may cause the stroke position switch 1220 to beopened, causing a connection between points 1 and 2 of the switch 1220.This may, in turn, switch the resistive element 1222, thermal fuse 1224,and relay 1208 out of circuit, allowing full current to be provided tothe motor 222. The predetermined position in the firing stoke, invarious embodiments, may be a point past which a mechanical lockout isno longer possible and/or likely. For example, the resistive element1222 may be utilized to limit the current to the motor 222 during theportion of the firing stroke where the firing bar 108 or other drivetrain element may encounter a mechanical lock-out. This may limit damageto the drive train or other component of the device 102 if themechanical lock-out is encountered. When the possibility of encounteringa mechanical lock-out has passed, the stroke position switch 1220 may beactuated to switch out the resistive element 1222, allowing full powerto be provided to the motor 222 (e.g., for cutting tissue).

The firing bar 108 may reach the end of its stroke (e.g., at or near itsdistal-most position) at 1306. At this point, the end-of-stroke/motordirection switch 1204 may be actuated, causing it to be connectedbetween points 1 and 2. In this way, the positive terminal 1216 of themotor 222 may be electrically connected to the negative electrode 1210of the battery 506. The pin 3 of the relay 1208 may also be electricallyconnected to the negative electrode 1210 of the battery 506, energizingthe relay 1208 and breaking the connection between relay pins 4 and 5.When the clinician releases the trigger 122 at 1308, the firing switch220 may also be actuated, causing it to be connected between points 1and 2. This may cause the negative terminal 1214 of the motor to beelectrically connected to the positive electrode 1212 of the battery506. In this way, the rotation direction of the motor 222 may bereversed, causing the motor 222 to return the firing bar to its initial,proximal position (e.g., via the via the gearbox 224, drive gear 232 andrack 238).

Similar to embodiment described above, when the relay 1208 is opened(e.g., the connection between pins 4 and 5 is broken), it may not bepossible to rotate the motor 222 in a forward direction to fire thefiring bar 108 until the clamp switch 1206 is actuated (e.g., by openingthe end effector 104). In this way, the clinician may be prevented fromre-firing the instrument 102 prior to opening the end effector 104, forexample, to load a new staple cartridge 132. Also, similar to theembodiment described above, the clinician may abort a firing stroke bymanually switching the end-of-stroke/motor direction switch 1204 to thestate where points 1 and 2 are connected, causing the circuit 1200 andinstrument 102 to behave as described above with respect to 1306 and1308.

FIGS. 55-59 show the orientation and operation of various embodiments ofthe switches 1218, 1206, 1220, 220, and 1204 described above. FIG. 55illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of the circuit board1202 coupled to the battery dock 850. The circuit board 1202 and batterydock 850, as shown, may be positioned within the handle 106 of theinstrument 102, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 55 shows, onthe circuit board 1202, the emergency access door switch 1218, the clampswitch 1206, the stroke position switch 1220, the trigger switch 220 andthe end-of-stroke/motor direction switch 1204. FIG. 56 illustrates a cutaway view of one embodiment of the instrument 102 showing the emergencyaccess door switch 1218. The switch 1218 may comprise an actuator 1304,which may be spring biased. The emergency access door 248, as shown, maycomprise an arm 1302. The arm 1302 may be positioned under the actuator1304 of the switch 1218. When the emergency access door 248 is removed,the arm 1302 may be removed from under the actuator 1304, changing thestate of the switch 1218.

FIG. 57 illustrates another cut away view of one embodiment of theinstrument 102 showing the clamp switch 1206. The clamp switch 1206 maycomprise an actuator 1306. The actuator 1306 may be positioned such thatthe state of the switch 1206 is changed when the clamp release button124 is actuated to unclamp the end effector 104.

FIG. 58 shows another cut away view of one embodiment of the instrument102 showing the stroke position switch 1220. The stroke position switch1220 may comprise an actuator 1308 and an actuator lever 1310. Theactuator lever 1310 may ride along a top surface of the rack 238.According to various embodiments, the rack 238 may define an indentation1312 along its top surface. The indentation 1312 may be positionedlongitudinally on the rack such that the actuator lever 1310 of theswitch 1220 falls into the indentation 1312 at the predeterminedposition of the firing stroke referred to with respect to FIG. 54.Alternatively, it will be appreciated that the rack 238 may comprise aprotrusion positioned to contact the actuator at the predetermined partof the firing stroke.

FIG. 59 illustrates another cut away view of one embodiment of theinstrument 102 showing the end-of-stroke/motor reverse switch 1204. Theswitch 1204 may comprise an actuator 1322. The actuator 1322 may beactivated by an external reverse motor button 1320 or by the rack 238 asit reaches the distal end of its travel (e.g., indicating an end of thestroke of the firing bar 108). For example, the rack 238 may comprise aprotrusion 1324 that contacts the actuator 1322 of the switch 1204.Also, for example, the rack 238 may comprise an indentation or cavity(not shown) positioned to contact the actuator 1322 at the distal end ofthe travel of the track 238.

Although the device described herein shows the rotational movement ofthe motor 222 being translated into longitudinal motion in the handle106 (e.g., via the rack 238 and firing bar 108), it will be appreciatedthat instruments according to various embodiments may perform thistranslation outside of the handle, for example, in the shaft, or at theend effector itself. For example, in some embodiments, a rotating driveshaft (not shown) may extend some or all of the way through the shaft114 from the handle 106 to the end effector 104. The various switchesdescribed herein may be utilized in such an embodiment. For example, thevarious switches described herein may be positioned to be actuated inthe same relationship to the position of the firing bar 108 as describedherein.

While the present invention has been illustrated by description ofseveral embodiments and while the illustrative embodiments have beendescribed in considerable detail, it is not the intention of theapplicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appendedclaims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications mayreadily appear to those skilled in the art. For another example,although the E-beam firing beam 108 has advantages for an endoscopicallyemployed surgical severing and stapling instrument 102, a similar E-Beammay be used in other clinical procedures. It is generally accepted thatendoscopic procedures are more common than laparoscopic procedures.Accordingly, the present invention has been discussed in terms ofendoscopic procedures and apparatus. However, use herein of terms suchas “endoscopic”, should not be construed to limit the present inventionto a surgical stapling and severing instrument for use only inconjunction with an endoscopic tube (i.e., trocar). On the contrary, itis believed that the present invention may find use in any procedurewhere access is limited to a small incision, including but not limitedto laparoscopic procedures, as well as open procedures. For yet anotherexample, although an illustrative handle portion 106 described herein ismanually operated by a clinician, it is consistent with aspects of theinvention for some or all of the functions of a handle portion to bepowered (e.g., pneumatic, hydraulic, electromechanical, ultrasonic,etc.). Furthermore, controls of each of these functions may be manuallypresented on a handle portion or be remotely controlled (e.g., wirelessremote, automated remote console, etc.).

It is to be understood that at least some of the figures anddescriptions herein have been simplified to illustrate elements that arerelevant for a clear understanding of the disclosure, while eliminating,for purposes of clarity, other elements. Those of ordinary skill in theart will recognize, however, that these and other elements may bedesirable. However, because such elements are well known in the art, andbecause they do not facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure,a discussion of such elements is not provided herein.

While several embodiments have been described, it should be apparent,however, that various modifications, alterations and adaptations tothose embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art with theattainment of some or all of the advantages of the disclosure. Forexample, according to various embodiments, a single component may bereplaced by multiple components, and multiple components may be replacedby a single component, to perform a given function or functions. Thisapplication is therefore intended to cover all such modifications,alterations and adaptations without departing from the scope and spiritof the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or inpart, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein isincorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated materialsdoes not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or otherdisclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to theextent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth hereinsupersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference.Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated byreference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions,statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only beincorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between thatincorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

What is claimed is:
 1. A powered surgical instrument for cutting andfastening tissue, the instrument comprising: an end effector, the endeffector comprising: a first jaw member; a second jaw member coupled tomove relative to the first jaw member from an open position wherein thefirst jaw member and the second jaw member are apart from one another toa closed position; and a firing bar positioned to fire by translatingdistally within the end effector when the first and second jaw membersare in the closed position; a drive system mechanically coupled to thefiring bar; a power supply for powering the drive system; and a controlcircuit, wherein the control circuit comprises: a relay; a firing switchhaving at least a first firing switch position and a second firingswitch position; and a clamp device having a first state and a secondstate, wherein the clamp device is configured to take the second statewhen the first jaw member and the second jaw member are in the closedposition, wherein the clamp device is connected to activate the relaywhen the clamp device is in the second state, and wherein, uponactivation of the relay, the firing switch is connected to provide powerfrom the power supply to drive the drive system when the firing switchis in the second firing switch position.
 2. The surgical instrument ofclaim 1, further comprising an end-of-stroke switch having a firstend-of-stroke switch position and a second end-of-stroke switchposition, wherein the end-of-stroke switch is mechanically coupled totake the second end-of-stroke switch position when the firing barreaches an end of its stroke, and wherein the end-of-stroke switch isconnected to interrupt power from the power supply to the drive systemwhen the end-of-stroke switch is in the second end-of-stroke switchposition.
 3. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising aclamp actuator mechanically coupled to at least one of the first jawmember and the second jaw member and actuatable to lock the first jawmember and the second jaw member in the closed position.
 4. The surgicalinstrument of claim 3, wherein the clamp device is mechanically coupledto the clamp actuator such that the clamp device is in the first statewhen the clamp actuator is unlocked and in the second state when theclamp actuator is locked.
 5. The surgical instrument of claim 1, furthercomprising: an enclosure, wherein the drive system, the power supply andthe control circuit are at least partially contained within theenclosure, and wherein the enclosure defines an access opening; anaccess door positioned to cover the access opening; and a retractionlever defining a geared portion, wherein the drive system comprises acorresponding geared portion such that actuation of the retraction leverretracts the firing bar proximally.
 6. The surgical instrument of claim5, wherein the control circuit further comprises an access door switchmechanically coupled to the access door, wherein the access door switchhas a first access door switch position when the access door is open anda second access door switch position when the access door is closed,wherein the access door switch is connected to interrupt power from thepower supply to the drive system when the access door switch is in thesecond access door switch position.
 7. The surgical instrument of claim1, wherein the first jaw member is shaped to receive a staple cartridgeand the second jaw member defines at least one staple pocket forreceiving and forming a staple.
 8. The surgical instrument of claim 7,wherein the end effector further comprises a staple driver, and whereinthe firing bar is in mechanical communication with the staple driver topush the staple driver distally upon firing.
 9. A powered surgicalinstrument for cutting and fastening tissue, the instrument comprising:an end effector, the end effector comprising: a first jaw member; asecond jaw member coupled to move relative to the first jaw member froman open position wherein the first jaw member and the second jaw memberare apart from one another to a closed position; and a firing barpositioned to fire by translating distally within the end effector whenthe first and second jaw members are in the closed position; a drivesystem mechanically coupled to the firing bar; a power supply forpowering the drive system; a control circuit; an enclosure, wherein thedrive system, the power supply, and the control circuit are at leastpartially contained within the enclosure, and wherein the enclosuredefines an access opening; an access door positioned to cover the accessopening; a user-actuated retraction lever to retract the firing barproximally when actuated by a user of the surgical instrument; andwherein the control circuit comprises: a firing switch having a firstfiring switch position and a second firing switch position; and anaccess door switch mechanically coupled to the access door, wherein theaccess door switch has a first access door switch position when theaccess door is open and a second access door switch position when theaccess door is closed, wherein the access door switch is connected tointerrupt power from the power supply to the drive system when theaccess door switch is in the second access door switch position.
 10. Thesurgical instrument of claim 9, further comprising a clamp device havinga first state and a second state, wherein the clamp device ismechanically coupled to take the second state when the first jaw memberand the second jaw member are in the closed position, and wherein thefiring switch and the clamp device are connected to provide power fromthe power supply to drive the drive system when the firing switch is inthe second firing switch position and when the clamp device is in thesecond state.
 11. The surgical instrument of claim 10, furthercomprising a clamp actuator mechanically coupled to at least one of thefirst jaw member and the second jaw member and actuatable to lock thefirst jaw member and the second jaw member in the closed position. 12.The surgical instrument of claim 11, wherein the clamp device ismechanically coupled to the clamp actuator such that the clamp device isin the first state when the clamp actuator is unlocked and in the secondstate when the clamp actuator is locked.
 13. The surgical instrument ofclaim 9, further comprising an end-of-stroke switch having a firstend-of-stroke switch position and a second end-of-stroke switchposition, wherein the end-of-stroke switch is mechanically coupled totake the second end-of-stroke switch position when the firing barreaches an end of its stroke, and wherein the end-of-stroke switch isconnected to interrupt power from the power supply to the drive systemwhen the end-of-stroke switch is in the second end-of-stroke switchposition.
 14. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the retractionlever defines a geared portion, and wherein the drive system comprises acorresponding geared portion such that actuation of the retraction leverretracts the firing bar proximally.
 15. The surgical instrument of claim14, wherein the drive system comprises a rack translatable distally andproximally within a handle of the surgical instrument, wherein the rackis in mechanical communication with the firing bar, and wherein the rackdefines the corresponding geared portion.
 16. The surgical instrument ofclaim 15, wherein the drive system further comprises a motor positionedto rotate a gear in mechanical communication with the rack.
 17. Thesurgical instrument of claim 16, wherein rotational motion of the motorand the gear in a first direction causes the rack and the firing bar totranslate distally, and wherein rotational motion of the motor and thegear in a second direction causes the rack and the firing bar totranslate proximally.
 18. The surgical instrument of claim 16, whereinthe first jaw member is shaped to receive a staple cartridge and thesecond jaw member defines at least one staple pocket for receiving andforming a staple, and wherein the firing bar is in mechanicalcommunication with a staple driver to push the staple driver distallyupon firing.